Computer Programming 101 The Beginners Starting Guide
👨💻
Computer
Programming: A Beginner's Guide to Languages and Careers 👨💻
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 101
"Computer
Programming 101" by JayKay Bak aims to introduce beginners to computer
programming. It covers fundamental concepts, such as what
programming is, the role of a programmer, and various programming languages.
The text provides guidance on selecting a language, exploring job
statistics, and accessing computer instruction resources. Furthermore, the
guide also discusses job prospects and career advice, as well as education,
skills, and traits that could help in finding and retaining a programming
position, even after one graduates and has been hired. The text also
presents course lessons to educate one on computers and computer programming and
also has tutorials on how to use the programs on computers.
Okay,
here's a briefing document summarizing the main themes and important ideas from
the provided text "Computer Programming 101.pdf":
Briefing Document: Computer Programming 101
Source: Excerpts from
"Computer Programming 101" by JayKay Bak
Date: [Implied
Publication Date: Likely mid-2000s based on technology references]
Purpose: This document
summarizes the key topics covered in the guide "Computer Programming 101,"
aimed at beginners interested in understanding computer programming and
exploring related career paths.
I. Overview and Rationale for Learning
Programming
·
Demystifying
Computers: The guide aims to reduce intimidation some
individuals, particularly those over 50, may feel toward computers. It
emphasizes that computers are tools that can be understood and controlled
through programming. The author states, "There is really no reason anyone
should feel intimidated, especially with all of the computer instruction
courses available."
·
Understanding
Computers & Increasing Confidence: One of the key
reasons to learn programming is to understand how computers work, increase your
confidence, and gain satisfaction from solving problems. "Programming will
help you understand computers. The computer is a tool, and if you learn how to
write simple programs, you will also learn how the computer works."
·
Career
Opportunities: Computer programming skills are considered
essential for those seeking computer-related jobs, but also beneficial for
general computer users.
II. What is Computer Programming?
·
Definition:
"A Program– is a set of instructions that tell the computer, step by step,
how to perform the tasks you command it to, and produce the results you have in
mind."
·
Programming
Languages: Computer programming involves using
specific rules (a programming language) to instruct a computer to perform
operations. The document includes a very extensive list of programming
languages.
III. The Role of a Computer Programmer
·
Problem Solving:
Programmers solve problems by formulating instructions for the computer.
·
Programming
Process: The guide outlines the following steps in
the programming process:
1. Analyzing the problem:
This involves understanding the client's needs and outlining the programming
plan.
2. Planning a solution:
Using flowcharts or pseudocode. "A flowchart is a picture of a step by
step solution to the particular problem. Pseudocode is a nonstandard form of
the English language used to explain the steps to a solution..."
3. Writing the program:
Translating the plan into a computer language.
4. Testing the program for bugs:
Identifying and correcting errors.
5. Writing instructions (documentation):
Creating a detailed description of the program, including its origin,
functionality, and test results.
·
Collaboration:
Programmers often work in teams, coordinating with managers, system analysts,
and other programmers.
·
Debugging:
Programmers will repair problems in the programs they write throughout the life
of the program.
IV. Learning Resources for Beginners
·
Software
Lessons: The guide highlights several resources for
learning computer skills, including:
·
Video Professor
·
Hewlett-Packard
Online Tutorials
·
CustomGuide
·
Other Places to
Find Computer Instruction: Libraries, local school districts
and community colleges offer courses in basic computer learning.
·
Comprehensive
Training: MCSE is presented as a provider of
comprehensive computer training videos and CDs for A+ certification, office
training, and more.
·
Computer
Literacy Courses: US Career Institute is mentioned as
offering a computer literacy course covering word processing, spreadsheets, multimedia,
graphics, and web pages.
V. Computer Languages
·
Extensive List:
The document provides a large list of computer languages, emphasizing the
variety available.
·
Language
Definitions: Defines several computer languages and
their original use cases:
·
FORTRAN:
Formula Translator, used for mathematical, engineering, and scientific
research.
·
COBOL:
Common Business Oriented Language, oriented toward business applications.
·
BASIC:
Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instructional Code, easy to learn language initially
used for students.
·
Pascal:
Developed as a teaching language.
·
Ada:
Sponsored by the pentagon, intended to be a standard language for weapon
systems.
·
C, C++, Java,
and Javascript: Invented at Bell Labs, designed to write
systems software.
·
Choosing a language:
Factors to consider when choosing a computer language include compatibility
with the task, existing interfaces, the programmer's knowledge, and cost.
"You will usually want to choose a language based on how compatible it is
for the task. A business program that contains large files should be written in
a business language, such as COBOL."
VI. Job Statistics and Employment Outlook
·
Increasing Skill
Requirements: Employers are seeking programmers with
higher levels of skill and experience. Entry-level programmers face strong
competition.
·
In-Demand
Skills: Knowledge of object-oriented languages
(C++, Java) and domain-specific languages (database management, networking,
internet application development) are valuable. Vendor or language-specific
certifications can provide an edge.
·
Job Growth:
Employment growth for programmers is expected to be slower than average,
partially due to sophisticated software that can write basic code and job
outsourcing.
·
Adaptability:
"Because demand is always changing, programmers should keep up with and
learn the latest skills and technologies."
·
Essential
skills: Strong object oriented programming skills
and technical specialization in wireless applications, multimedia technology,
client-server programming, and graphic user interface.
VII. Finding a Job After Graduation
·
Challenges:
Graduates may face challenges such as lack of experience, poor negotiation
skills, poor job search skills, and a lack of self-confidence.
·
Strategies:
The guide offers tips for overcoming these challenges, including demonstrating
value, improving skills, presenting a professional image, negotiating
effectively, and being confident in one's abilities. "Show them your
value– Show your ability to do your job with efficiency and speed. Keep in mind
that your abilities are strong, and know you are able to perform the job you
are aiming for."
VIII. Key Takeaways
·
Computer
programming is a valuable skill for both personal enrichment and career
advancement.
·
The field
requires continuous learning and adaptation to new technologies.
·
Strong
communication and problem-solving skills are essential for success.
· Job seekers should focus on developing in-demand skills and presenting themselves professionally.
Computer
Programming: A Comprehensive Study Guide
Quiz
Answer
the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.
1. What are three reasons the text gives for
learning computer programming?
2. Briefly describe the steps a programmer
takes to develop a program.
3. Why is documentation important in computer
programming?
4. Name three places someone might seek
computer instruction.
5. What is A+ certification, and why might it
be useful?
6. Briefly explain the difference between
systems programmers and applications programmers.
7. What are some factors to consider when
choosing a programming language?
8. What are some skills employers look for in
computer programmers?
9. Why might companies choose to hire contract
or temporary programmers?
10. According to the text, what are some
reasons why programmers might not have satisfying jobs?
Quiz Answer Key
1. The text lists that programming helps one
understand computers, increases confidence through problem-solving, and reveals
aptitude for programming as reasons to learn it. Even if one doesn't pursue programming
as a career, understanding the process enhances overall computer literacy.
2. Program development involves analyzing the
problem, planning a solution (often with flowcharts or pseudocode), writing the
program in a computer language, testing for errors (debugging), and writing
documentation for the new program. These steps ensure the program meets the
client's needs and is maintainable.
3. Documentation provides a detailed
description of the program, including its origin, purpose, code, and test
results. This is crucial for other programmers (especially in teams) who may
need to understand, modify, or maintain the program in the future.
4. Computer instruction is available through
websites offering tutorials, libraries, local school districts, and community
colleges. Each offers different levels of instruction and accessibility.
5. A+ certification demonstrates competence in
computer hardware and operating systems, making one a certified PC technician.
This can provide an edge over competitors.
6. Systems programmers write programs to
control and maintain computer systems software, like operating systems, while
applications programmers write programs for specific tasks or applications,
such as word processing or database management.
7. Factors to consider when choosing a
language include project requirements, compatibility with other systems, target
computer systems, and the programmer's existing knowledge. Some languages are
better suited for specific tasks.
8. Employers seek programmers with strong
technical skills in various programming languages and tools, logical thinking,
attention to detail, and the ability to work well in teams and communicate
effectively with non-technical personnel.
9. Companies may hire contract programmers for
specialized skills or short-term projects, to avoid the costs associated with
hiring a full-time employee. This allows flexibility and access to expertise
without long-term commitment.
10. Programmers might find jobs unsatisfying
due to lack of experience, poor negotiation skills, poor job search skills, or
lack of self-confidence. These can lead to lower pay, unchallenging work, and
limited career advancement.
Essay Questions
1. Discuss the impact of technological
advancements on the role and employment outlook for computer programmers. How
have new software and programming tools altered the demand for programmers, and
what skills are now considered essential for success in the field?
2. Compare and contrast the training options
for aspiring computer programmers, including self-taught methods, online
courses, and formal education. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
each approach, and which option might be most suitable for different learning
styles and career goals?
3. Explain the different types of computer
programmers (e.g., systems programmers, applications programmers) and their
respective roles in software development. How do their responsibilities and
required skill sets differ, and what career paths are available within each
specialization?
4. Analyze the importance of continuing
education and professional development for computer programmers. Why is it
crucial for programmers to stay up-to-date with the latest technologies and
programming languages, and what strategies can they use to maintain their
skills and advance their careers?
5. Discuss the ethical considerations and
challenges faced by computer programmers in the information age. How can
programmers ensure data privacy and security, prevent cybercrime, and promote
responsible use of technology, and what role should professional organizations
and industry standards play in addressing these issues?
Glossary of Key Terms
·
Program:
A set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a specific task.
·
Computer
Programming: The process of writing instructions (code)
that tell a computer what to do.
·
Programming
Language: A formal language used to communicate
instructions to a computer (e.g., Java, C++, Python).
·
Flowchart:
A visual representation of the steps in a program, using symbols and arrows to
show the flow of logic.
·
Pseudocode:
A non-standard, English-like way to describe the steps in a program, used for
planning.
·
Debugging:
The process of finding and fixing errors (bugs) in a computer program.
·
Documentation:
A detailed description of a program, including its purpose, code, and usage
instructions.
·
Systems
Programmer: A programmer who writes programs to
control and maintain computer systems software, like operating systems.
·
Applications
Programmer: A programmer who writes programs for
specific tasks or applications, like word processing or database management.
·
Object-Oriented
Programming: A programming paradigm based on the
concept of "objects," which contain data and code to manipulate that
data.
· A+ Certification: A certification that demonstrates competence in computer hardware and operating systems, making one a certified PC technician.
Here's
an 8-question FAQ based on the provided source, formatted in markdown:
FAQ on Computer Programming
·
What exactly is
computer programming, and why should I consider learning it?
·
Computer
programming is the process of creating a set of instructions (a program) that
tells a computer how to perform specific tasks and produce desired results.
Learning programming can improve your understanding of how computers work,
boost your confidence by creating functional solutions, and help you discover
whether you have the analytical skills required for a programming career. Even
if you don't pursue programming professionally, understanding the process
enhances your overall computer literacy and appreciation for technology.
·
What does a
computer programmer actually do on a day-to-day basis?
·
A programmer's
primary task is to solve problems by creating computer instructions. This
involves analyzing problems in consultation with clients or systems analysts,
planning solutions using tools like flowcharts and pseudocode, writing the
program in a computer language, and thoroughly testing it to remove errors
(debugging). Programmers also document their code for future reference and
collaboration. They often work in teams and interact with managers, system
analysts, and users.
·
How do I choose
a programming language to learn?
·
The choice of
programming language depends on several factors. In a work environment, the
project or supervisor may dictate the language. Otherwise, consider the task at
hand; business applications may benefit from COBOL, while web development has
its own set of suitable languages. Compatibility across different computers is
also a factor. For beginners, BASIC is often recommended due to its simplicity.
Ultimately, choose a language that aligns with your goals and that you find
engaging.
·
What are the
typical steps involved in the program development process?
·
The program
development process typically involves these steps: (1) Analyzing the problem
to understand the requirements and desired outcome. (2) Planning the solution
using tools like flowcharts or pseudocode. (3) Writing the program in a chosen
computer language. (4) Testing the program thoroughly to identify and fix
errors. (5) Documenting the program for future maintenance and collaboration.
·
What are some
available resources for beginners who want to learn computer programming and
general computer literacy?
·
Numerous
resources cater to beginners. Video Professor and CustomGuide offer software
tutorials for various programs. Hewlett-Packard provides online tutorials on
everyday computing topics. Libraries, schools, and community colleges often
offer basic computer classes. MCSE offers comprehensive training videos and
CDs, and US Career Institute offers a comprehensive PC literacy course.
·
What is the job
outlook for computer programmers, and what skills are in demand?
·
The job outlook
for computer programmers is projected to grow slower than average. While
software can automate some basic coding, skilled programmers remain in demand.
Those with knowledge of multiple programming languages (especially C++ and
Java), object-oriented programming, and domain-specific languages (database
management, networking, internet application development) will have the best
prospects. Keeping up with new technologies and obtaining certifications can
provide a competitive edge. Cybersecurity skills are in particular demand.
·
How can I
improve my chances of getting a great job after graduating with a computer
programming degree?
·
Gain practical
experience through internships or work-study programs. Develop strong
negotiation and job search skills. Build self-confidence in your abilities and
don't settle for the first offer. Continuously improve your skills and stay
updated with the latest technologies. Demonstrate your value to potential
employers through efficiency, strong performance, and professional conduct. Be
confident in the market value of your skills and willing to seek employment
elsewhere if necessary.
·
What is the
difference between systems programmers and applications programmers?
·
Systems
programmers create programs to control or maintain computer systems software,
like operating systems and database systems. They work on the underlying
infrastructure. Applications programmers write programs for specific tasks or
applications, often customizing generic applications to meet business needs.
Systems programmers may assist applications programmers in troubleshooting
problems.
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